Tuesday, December 24, 2019

Analysis Of Thomas Hobbes s Hobbes - 977 Words

Leviathan Thomas Hobbes 1. Art imitates nature of which man is the best work, and State is an â€Å"artificial man.† Sovereignty acts as the soul - it provides life to the body or the State. Those who execute the law act as the joints of the body. The rewards and punishments which move members to do their duty to society are the nerves. Counsellors act as the memory while the laws of the state represent the body’s reason and will. Sedition acts as an illness while civil war represents death. Each function of the state represents a part or function of the human body. 2. Original power differs from instrumental power in that original power is one’s talent in something of the mind or body - strength, arts, intelligence, while instrumental power†¦show more content†¦Only when the people submit to authority is there a common law to define what is just and unjust, there is not constant battles and conquest. 4. The mutual transferring of right called a contract is when men mutually renounce their right to something, such as killing one another, voluntarily. This act would then bring about peace - security in their life and their possessions 5. Hobbes’ fourth law of nature is that by showing gratitude or appreciation for those who uphold the contract which they have made - therefore, those who continue to abide by the contract will not regret it. Hobbes’ fifth law of nature is that those who made the contract must be adaptable so that the contract will not be broken over petty problems. The sixth law of nature is that the offences of the past, if repented, must be forgiven for the contract to remain. The seventh law states that punishment should only be used to correct the perpetrator, not as revenge. The eight law is that those involved in the contract must not make their hatred of one another known. The ninth law states that man must acknowledge that they are equal to one another, therefore, they should avoid pride. Hobbes’ tenth law states that rights should be mutual - one cannot reserve any right not reserved to all others. The eleventh law states that when there is a conflict, all should submit to judgement by an impartial arbitrator. 6. Hobbes’ maintains that although the laws of human nature state that mankind pursue peace,

Monday, December 16, 2019

This Earth of Mankind Free Essays

Throughout Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s novel, This Earth of Mankind, a multitude of social justice issue arise amongst the Dutch colonization of Indonesia. The European cultural influence truly suffocated the local natives to the point where social structure and class took precedence over knowledge, talent, and experience. Native Indonesians where seen as inferior to the Dutch colonials and race was thus correlated with class. We will write a custom essay sample on This Earth of Mankind or any similar topic only for you Order Now Race refers to whether someone is Native Indonesian, Indo, or European. The Dutch and those from European descent where assumed to be the most civilized, cultured, and superiorly educated.Indos are associated with the middle class and Natives occupy the lowest class. It was hard for individuals to break these cultural barriers, but even more so to look past the gender divide. Along with these class divisions the area was littered with gender incongruity. This Earth of Mankind is the story of an uncommonly brilliant Native man named Minke. He falls in love with an Indo woman named Annelies, but their relationship is put into jeopardy by class separation and discrimination of the sexes.This inequality between sexes is continually brought to light throughout the novel, and the roles it imposed upon members of society influenced each character’s thoughts, actions, and beliefs. The first encounter of gender based discrimination occurs when Minke arrives at Nyai Ontosoroh’s household. Nyai is a native woman and mother to Minke’s future spouse Annelies. Minke is invited to the house through the recommendation of his schoolmate Robert Suurhof. He states that although Nyai’s daughter is indeed beautiful he deserves, â€Å"only a goddess with Pure European blood,† (29) and therefore she is below him.This represents a cultural divide, but Minke experiences a gender related issue when meeting Nyai. Nyai was an Indonesian concubine, which meant she was a mistress to a Dutch man. She was taught the Dutch language, European culture, and high class mannerisms. These aspects of Nyai confused Minke. Nyai was indeed knowledgeable and cultured, but her class as a Native and her status as a woman allowed Minke to second guess his acknowledgment of her. â€Å"I hesitated. Should I offer my hand as to a European woman, or should I treat her as a Native woman and ignore her? (29)Minke was the guest at Nyai’s home and although she welcomed him openly, Minke was hesitant to even touch the woman. This represents the generalized thought of most men in Indonesia. It is obvious that the distinction between men and women is incredibly important culturally and that men absolutely feel superior to women. Another element to this conversation is the different treatment received by Native women and European women. Native women are to be ignored, while European women are meant to be respected.Because of the culturally based caste system and the distinction between men and women, each interaction manifests itself within a certain criteria. Men interact with other men based on their social class, while people of opposite sexes must take into account social class and gender based discrimination before interacting. Another representation of Native women being degraded comes from Minke’s impression of Nyai’s occupation. The relationship between Minke and Nyai is the most interesting aspect of This Earth of Mankind. Nyai’s self education befuddles Minke, he struggles with the culturally appropriate way to address her. She is both Native and educated. The struggle intensifies when he takes into account Nyai’s marital status. She is a concubine for a European man named Herman Mellema. Although she is in a relationship with a European man, her reputation is that of a sinner. Through Minke’s friendship with Annelies, Nyai reveals herself as a strong, loving, and honorable mother. Minke relates Nyai to his own mother, but quickly corrects himself stating, â€Å"Beware, don’t equate her with mother. She is just a nyai, living in sin, giving birth to illegitimate children, low in moral character, selling honor to live easily and in luxury. † (32) Minke believes this because Nyai has devoted her life to a man without being bonded by marriage. Traditionally, nyai are only responsible for the household and to bear children. This conflicts with Nyai’s situation because she carries out many more duties. Nyai is not only the caretaker of her child and the household, but she also runs her husband’s business.Minke is able to look beyond Nyai’s sex and caste because of her sophistication and success. â€Å"There were too many new things, which my teachers had never mentioned, that proceeded from her lips. Remarkable. † (46) His admiration of Nyai stemmed from the numerous days and nights he began to spend with the family. Minke was falling in love with Annelies and as their relationship strengthened so too did his respect and awe for Nyai. These cultural and gender based barriers where being broken down through respectful and intellectual dialogue and the mutual acceptance of each individual.Annelies also provides an important perspective on Minke’s mindset transformation. The attitude of Annelies extends beyond the bounds considered normal for women in Indonesian society. She is extremely outgoing and straightforward, aspects that originally perplexed Minke. Comparatively speaking, Minke only knew women to be quiet, indifferent, and respectful towards men. Annelies takes after her mother Nyai. She is confident and strong, but also accepting and fair. Her intelligence and sophisticated mannerisms reflect Nyai. She also looks over numerous workers on the Mellema’s estate.These traits all represent the personalities of high class European woman, but strangely Annelies only wishes to be a Native. â€Å"I don’t want to be an Indo. I only want to be like Mama. † (31) This quote from Annelies describes her passion for a culture that is relatively looked down upon. Annelies is the descendant of a European man and a Native woman, making her an Indo. As stated previously, an Indo man or woman is placed within the middle class above Natives, but below Europeans. Curiously, Annelies chooses the lower class Native rather than the middle class Indo.Annelies and Nyai are two strong women who understand their identity. Rather than trying to change who they are, Annelies and Nyai excel despite their cultural deficiencies. Continuing with Minke’s immersion into gender equalization, one certain event was particularly eye-opening. While Minke toured Nyai’s farm, Annelies took Minke to a room where her workers produced cow’s milk. Minke was astounded when he discovered women working alongside men. â€Å"Some where women; you could tell from the batik kains below their white shirts. Women working in business. Wearing calico shirts too!Village women wearing coats! And not in their own kitchens! † (35) Minke grew up within a strict patriarchal society and when he witnessed women working outside the home, his amazement was apparent. Because of the absolute control held by males, Minke was surprised even to see women wearing shirts. The male dominance within the Indonesian society was deeply rooted in tradition. Minke, as an educated man, was able to see beyond the stereotypes and form his own opinions. Minke was beginning to appreciate Annelies and Nyai not because of their sex or class, but because of their intrinsic worth.The last major example within This Earth’s Mankind that demonstrates the inequality of sexes happens much later in the novel. Annelies and Minke grow very close. They are married within the Islamic faith and are very much in love. Conflict occurs when Annelies is taken by a European man for marriage. Because an Islamic marriage is not recognized by the Dutch or the Christian faith, Annelies can be forced to marry a Dutch man. Maurits, Annelies’ suitor, plans to take her away from Minke and bring her to the Netherlands. A court case commences and Nyai takes the stand in favor of Minke and Nyai.She believes that love should take precedence over any arranged or purchased marriage. â€Å"Are such purchases truer than pure love? † (287) The judge of the case immediately silences Nyai stating, â€Å"She is an Indo, an Indo, she’s above you! Minke is a Native, though with forum privilegiatum, the right to appear before this court, meaning he’s above you, Nyai, but his forum can be canceled at a moment’s notice. But Miss Annelies remains above Natives forever. † (287) Although Nyai was the mother of Annelies she held no legal power over her. Annelies was an Indo and therefore not part of Nyai’s world.She could not help her daughter and her words became irrelevant because of her class and sex. I believe the most powerful statement written in This Earth of Mankind was Nyai’s response to the judge, â€Å"Who turned me into a concubine? Who turned us all into nyais? European gentlemen, made masters. Why in these official forums are we laughed at? Humiliated? Or is it that you gentleman want my daughter to become a concubine too? † (288) Exhausted with an unfair system, Nyai pleads for her daughter’s life. In a male dominated society, Nyai’s words hold zero worth.It is sad and pathetic that the woman who cared for and raised Annelies has no control over her future. This Earth of Mankind is a powerful and thought provoking story that allows readers to immerse themselves within the Dutch East Indies’ culture during the 19th century. Minke’s story illustrates the intense social justice issues involving class, culture, and sex. Gender and more specifically the role of women takes forefront in the lives of Annelies and Nyai. Pramoedya’s book provides an inestimable perspective on the inequality and gender issues that flooded the colonization within Indonesia. How to cite This Earth of Mankind, Papers

Saturday, December 7, 2019

Management Advertising and Promotion

Questions: Task 11.1 Explain the communication process that applies to advertising and promotion?1.2 Explain the organisation of the advertising and promotions industry?1.3 Assess how promotion is regulated?1.4 Examine current trends in advertising and promotion, including the impact of ICT?Task 22.1 Explain primary techniques of below-the-line promotion and how they are used in an integrated promotional strategy for a business or product?2.2 Evaluate other techniques used in below-the-line promotion?Task 33.1 Follow an appropriate process for the formulation of a budget for an integrated promotional strategy.3.2 Carry out the development of a promotional plan for a business or product.3.3 Plan the integration of promotional techniques into the promotional strategy for a business or product.3.4 Use appropriate techniques for measuring campaign effectiveness. Answers: Introduction In order to achieve the set goals, its expected that the business organizations need to take the support of advertising and promotion in order to catch the attention of the customers and then they should persuade them towards purchasing from the companies (OGuinn, Allen and Semenik 2010). In order to do, companies need to communicate about the benefits related to the offered products and services to the customers. If the company is successful in influencing the thinking of the customers about the products and are even able to develop the curiosity through applying the effective promotional and advertising activities, then only they can go a long way (OGuinn, Allen and Semenik 2010). Therefore, companies need to use the different techniques, measures as well as strategies for creating the different position through achieving the attention of the audiences and try to motivate them to purchase the goods of that firm (OGuinn, Allen and Semenik 2010). Task 1 1.1 Communication process applied in advertising and promotion In the light of the promotion and advertising, Communication is considered as the message and it associates with the media that is used in communicating with the targeted market (Belch and Belch 2000). The most effective is considered as communication, and its noted that there are more people who are actually convinced over having the effective process of communication, which applies towards the promotion and advertising (Belch and Belch 2000). Due to that many theories are facilitating in this process, which are: Packard theory of the 8 hidden requirements: This theory was developed in the year 1957. This theory started with the advertisements, whose aim is to give satisfaction about the basic needs of the customers (Belch and Belch 2000). Sometimes its noted that persuasion is effective in cases where messages are directed towards the hidden emotional needs. The given emotional needs relates to, reassurance of worth, emotional security, outlet creativity, selling of different love objects, sense of power, gratification of ego, ranks, sense of roots, as well as immorality (Belch and Belch 2000). This method is considered as very simple model in the persuasion. This model describes two opposite as well as basic patterns that are similar in the situation of persuasive (Belch and Belch 2000). In order to intensify, its expected that persuader should enhance the importance of particular elements in order to make the person more serious. Its true that downplaying is referred as opposite of the intensification (Belch and Belch 2000). It could be undertaken by using the similar but either reversed of the techniques. Along with this diversion, confusion and the omission methods could be applied (Belch and Belch 2000). The theory of media richness- This theory was introduced by Robert and Richard in the year 1984 (Belch and Belch 2000). This theory is mainly used for evaluating the richness of particular communication like rank and media. It mentions that the richer, media of personal communication is more effective in case of communicating about the personal issues (Belch and Belch 2000). This theory is measured as per the understanding about the clearness and the time. 1.2 Organization of the advertising and promotions industry The promotional and the advertising industry implies that the business contribute the other businesses in carrying out the activities of promotion (Brassington and Pettitt 2001). In the present time, there are many companies that try to assign the work to the promotion as well as advertising industry instead of doing it themselves (Brassington and Pettitt 2001). As the activities of promotion are significant for any company, the companies need to select the industry of advertising and promotion in wiser manner. The basic factors that could be considered in selecting the advertising industry are: Goodwill- The advertising companies need to have the enough goodwill, and the new industries are not preferred, as its good to be safe then to take risk (Brassington and Pettitt 2001). Knowledge- The advertising companies should hold the required knowledge, and even they should have the good experience and hold the ability to understand the issues of clients. Return- Its true that advertising might be costly; therefore it should be wisely calculated that the company could gain more in investment, and the return should be higher than the invested amount (Brassington and Pettitt 2001). Creativity- The industry that is selected need to be creative and people should understand and like the presentation that could attract the people towards the advertisements. Technology- The advertising companies should hold the ability to make use of advanced technology and then accordingly they should advertise with the help of popular media (Brassington and Pettitt 2001). 1.3 Assessment of how promotion is regulated In the UK, the advertising is actually controlled through the code of practices as well as legislation. In order to prevent the people from cheating through the fake publicity, there are many regulatory bodies working in the UK that tries to regulate the advertisements and various other activities of promotion (Fill 2012). They hold the authority to undertake the actions if they explore any kind of fraud activities (Fill 2012). There are three major regulatory bodies such as: Advertising Standards authority- Its the independent regulatory body for the advertising industry and its working across the media. This body act as the proactive and complaint the checks in order to take action against the misleading, offensive or either harmful advertising, direct marketing or sales promotional activities (Fill 2012). Board of abs standards- It was set up in 2004, and its run separately by the help of regulatory functions over the promotional activities (Fill 2012). It tries to ensure about the reliability as well as quality of the product and view about the information and advertising that could be sued in promotional activities. Advertising practice committee- This body is the self regulatory and it creates different non-broadcasting as well as broadcasting codes that are actually administered through the authority of adverting standards (Fill 2012). 1.4 Current trends in advertising and promotion, including the impact of ICT In order to keep pace with the changing technology and the taste, organizations have started to change their perception and the advertising style. Now there is more stress given on the technology instead of traditions (Kotler, Keller, Goodman and Torben 2009). So the organizations are trying to create the new techniques, which are more appropriate in the present environment and is also preferred to the customers. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is considered as the modern way of communication (Kotler, Keller, Goodman and Torben 2009). The activities related to promotion and communication is entirely relied over the technology. In order to keep pace with the time, and to exist in the competitive markets, the business companies are getting more interested in applying the modern technology of the advertising and the communication process (Kotler, Keller, Goodman and Torben 2009). As it has become very easy to consume less time, with more creativity and becoming more popular among the public, it is significant to make use of popular ways of both promotion and advertising. Its noted that ICT actually works with the help of websites, internet, e-mail and e-commerce (Kotler, Keller, Goodman and Torben 2009). Through the help of the current products, details are stored on the websites. People select and purchase from it, which is easy way to communicate with the customers. Therefore applying the development of technology in both promotion and advertising has become the trend in the entire world (Kotler, Keller, Goodman and Torben 2009). Advertising through television- Although it is noted that advertising over the television is quite costly, there are many companies who has selected the television as the key channel to advertise their goods (Hackley 2010). Over the trend in advertising and the ads shown in television is recruiting the stars in advertisements. It has supported to increase the effectiveness of the ads, as it has made audiences to feel more fashionable and has also supported in enhancing the product guarantees that has also increase the products sales volume (Hackley 2010). Internet and the websites- In the present time, accessing the internet has become cheaper as compared with past (Hackley 2010). Therefore, internet has become the easiest channel for communicating with the customers and advertising done through the internet has become quite popular in present time. The companies can easily select the websites that has huge viewers for advertising their products (Hackley 2010). ICT development has permitted to have the mass ways to interact with the customers. Social networking sites- Its noted that social networks has become very popular and has brought the various advantages for the online advertising companies (Hackley 2010). As the internet community is built through the help of social network that gather many peoples share interest, ideas and their thinking. The present generation using the social networks is mentioned to use the MySpace, YouTube, Twitter and the Facebook (Hackley 2010). Its noted that since 2009, Facebook has become increasing phenomenon in sharing the information. Therefore, there are many companies that are making use of Facebook as the effective way to promote and advertise their products (Hackley 2010). Task 2 2.1 Primary techniques of below-the-line promotion and its use in an integrated promotional strategy in business Below is the given technique of marketing that refer to the marketing technique for short term in order to generate the urgent reply through the customers. It covers up various techniques like incentives and the cash from the buyers towards the products (Balmer and Gray 2003). Therefore, communication strategy is more direct, and this technique of marketing covers up gifts, coupons, and discounts in order to buy the products. Below the line technique of promotion covers up the promotional strategies that support in meeting the demands of customers in better way (Balmer and Gray 2003). It also covers up different ways towards connecting with the targeted customers. This technique is undertaken through the organization and its mention below: Direct mail marketing- Through this technique companies can make the attractive message in order to inform the customers about the newly launched products. This technique should be informative, which couldnt be ignored by the customers (Balmer and Gray 2003). Marketing technique of Door to Door- This type of marketing helps in selling out the products by moving from one person to the other. It is considered as popular way of communication in the below the line technique of advertising (Balmer and Gray 2003). Marketing through exterior location- It implies the ways towards driving the interest towards the sale or an event. It covers up strategies that are used by the employees outside their location (Balmer and Gray 2003). Email marketing technique- Its the popular form of line marketing. It is done when the company runs the campaign on their own they can use email marketing technique for promoting their products (Balmer and Gray 2003). 2.2 Techniques used in below-the-line promotion Its important that the companies need to be creative, which help in formulating the promotional ideas towards development. There are various techniques that are used in the line promotion (Barney 1991). There are certain techniques that could be used in below the line production such as individual selling, rebates, policy trade, use of coupons, programs of loyalty, building loyalty, pricing as promotional technique, offering free goods, discounts, offering sponsors, selling goods with premium and free sampling (Barney 1991). The use of these techniques of promotion relies over the variation in circumstances and occasions. Below the line promotional sale is considered as the short term incentives that aim towards the customers (Barney 1991). Through the increase in pressure over the team of marketing for achieving the objectives of communication effectively might limit the budget, and for that there is a requirement to explore effective as well as efficient cost ways towards communicating with the targeted markets (Barney 1991). This has lead towards the shift by the media based on advertising. In different context, below the line sale promotion is considered as delay in the incentives towards purchasing, or either express in cash and even holds the short period of time (Barney 1991). Below the line promotional technique make use of the conventional ways in comparison to the particular channels of advertising in order to promote the services and products that are also above the line strategies (Barney 1991). They might cover up the activities like sales promotion, direct mail, as well as public relations in which the fee is set is agreed. Below the line technique of advertising stress over the direct ways of communication that includes mostly direct mail or either e-mail by making use of targeted name list in order to increase the rate of response (Barney 1991). Other better as well as effective below the line technique is Ssop Intercept. It includes the trained personnel sales, in which the young womens are usually deployed in the retail stores, which are near to the targeted products (Barney 1991). All the young women tries to convince the customers in order to visit the shelves in order to have better aspects of the brand that could be compared with the other one. Along with this, above the line technique is more effective within the targeted group and its challenging to explain (Barney 1991). If its noted that targeted group is specific, it is more advisable to apply the below the line promotional technique for attaining the cost effectiveness and efficiency. The technique of below the line tries to ensure about the brand and also highlights the products features (Barney 1991). Task 3 3.1 Process for the formulation of a budget for an integrated promotional strategy In make the budget gets connected with the promotional strategy; this practice is important for the companies (Belch and Belch 2001). Budget is considered as the financial plan that is formulated for certain time. The promotional budget supports in carrying out the effective activities of promotion. In order to be careful and follow the particular process its important to formulate the relevant budget for the integrated strategy of promotion (Belch and Belch 2001). This process includes: choosing the objective and defining the goals, determining the upcoming challenges, budget implementation as per the plan, and evaluating and controlling the budget. In order to complete the budget its important to have the professional strategy that includes three steps: The complete cost if the promotion is analyzed that includes the various types of marketing done in production, along with cost of marketing medium that needs to be calculated (Belch and Belch 2001). In the next step the costing ought to be completed along with the transactions that are made among the organization and the advertising agency. In the last step all the cost done throughout the premiere is expected to be compared with the planned budget (Belch and Belch 2001). 3.2 Development of a promotional plan for a business or product Promotion is considered as the method for expanding the sale of both products and the services in informing the customers, people and the stakeholders (Cravens and Piercy 2006). Its noted that in each business there is a requirement to develop the promotional plan in order to survive in the present market (Cravens and Piercy 2006). Basically, there are many companies that permit to have similar steps: Advertising- Its the popular way of conducting the marketing communication through which the customers could easily informed about the services and the products that could be selected over the competitors (Cravens and Piercy 2006). Promotion of sales- It relates with the activities and short term incentives, which tries to encourage the sale of both product and service. Public relations- It tries to deliberate sustained and planned for the efforts in order to set up as well as maintain the mutual understanding among the public and the organization (Cravens and Piercy 2006). Social media- It inform the mass of people about the products, and from that companies select the mass advertising media (Dwyer, Schurr and Oh 1987). Developing the first look- Its true that first impression is important at this stage. The first step through the promotion tries to develop the thrilling images of the business and of the items in the minds of the customers (Dwyer, Schurr and Oh 1987). Its basically carried out through the short texts like coming soon. This is undertaken for attracting the customers towards the products (Dwyer, Schurr and Oh 1987). Picture the looks- Only in this period of time, the product picture ought to be presented before the public. These pictures are expected to be exciting as well as lucrative, that attracts the customers (Dwyer, Schurr and Oh 1987). Make the organization ready and brochures of product sale- The companies need to come up with the first step of development (Fill 2005). Its important that the companies need to produce the brochure of sales through the products and its important that products and individuals should ship at the nearby store (Fill 2005). Other promotions- Other promotional support includes the companys website, cards, and catalogues. These concepts are important for the organization to get set in the minds of the customers (Michael 2000). Promotional plan monitoring- Through following the steps, the promotional work actually works and examines the feedback from everyone that is expected to be taken out and handled with full attention (Balasubramanian 1994). 3.3 Integration of promotional techniques into the promotional strategy for a business or product Promotional techniques are mainly used for attracting the customers. The needs of the organization are to actually design the activities of promotion for the purpose of spreading the brand name (Babin and Thompson 1996). In order to sell the products, organization makes use of various techniques of promotion but with the similar goal. Its expected that the organization require planning the integration of the techniques of promotion and trying to convert them into the promotional strategy for using them in effective way (Babin and Thompson 1996). They might adopt the certain ways like, including themselves within the general community, building the informative website, organize the conference as well as seminar programs and depict the presentation of the services and activities, and make the researched within the targeted markets (Babin and Thompson 1996). 3.4 Appropriate techniques for measuring campaign effectiveness. Campaign is significant in the promotional activities. It helps in organizing and boosting the sales promotion of specific items (Advertising Age 1999). Organizations need to measure the effectiveness of the campaign for the purpose of understanding whether it has happen as per the plan. There are different ways to measure this: analyze the people that have shown their interest, compare the sales, analyze the feedback and the plan for next promotion, interact with customers to understand their response about the campaign, undertake the survey over the people who visit the campaign, and count the coupons that are collected and distributed. In order to determine the effectiveness of the campaign, there are five heading that need to be check (Ailloni-Charas 1984). Profit- After each five weeks, the companys net income collected after the promotion should be drawn in order to contrast by using the organizational profits, before the promotion (Lee 2008). When the profits including the promotion are higher it means that the promotions are effective, else the promotions includes various unwanted impacts. Sales- The sales include the promotion that needs to be compared with the rate of sales before the promotion. The rate of sale collected after the promotion is high. However, the basic facts for checking over here is that when the rate of sales is high following the promotional activities. If this is true then the promotions are quite effective and when its not that, the promotions are not effective (Pickton and Broderick 2005). Communication- If the clients have contracted the customer support of the company in comparison to prior of the promotion, it implies that the clients hold the point of interest towards the products of the company by the promotion. Persuasion- Its noted that persuasion starts with how much clients are convinced before the promotion. This could be checked through how much clients have followed the promotion. When the new arte of customers in last weeks is high before the promotion, then the promotion should be undertaken to influence the new clients (Pickton and Broderic 2005). Attention- If one explores that more people are visiting the sites, and then its certain that the promotion was quite effective in attracting the customers. When the customer arte is stable, then the promotion is quite enough for gaining the attention of the customers (Pickton and Broderic 2005). Conclusion In order to become successful in the prevailing competitive world, the significance of both promotional and advertising activities could be explained in the words. It is explored by this report that its only on companies to select the relevant strategy and apply them in proper manner. Through the outcome will impact not only the company, rather it will also impact the third party. Through applying the new ideas and the opportunities, its expected that new dangers might also occur. In order to overcome all this, companies need to select the strategy and act accordingly. References Fill, C. 2012. Marketing Communications 4th Edition. Pearson Education LTD. OGuinn, T. C., Allen, C. and Semenik, R. 2010. Advertising and Integrated Brand Promotion. Thomson Publishing. Belch, G. E. and Belch, M. A. 2000. Advertising and Promotion, An integrated marketing communications perspective 6th Edition. Pearson Education. Brassington, F. and Pettitt, S. 2001. Principles of Marketing. Sage. Kotler, P., Keller, K.L., Goodman, M. and Torben, H. 2009. Marketing Management. England: Prentice Hall. Hackley, C. 2010. Advertising and Promotion- An integrated Marketing Communications Approach. London: Sage Publications Ltd. Balmer, J.M.T. and Gray, E.R. 2003. Corporate brands: what are they? What of them? [Online]. Available at: https://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=853870 [Accessed on: 8th February 2015]. Barney, J. 1991. Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. [Online]. Available at: https://www3.uma.pt/filipejmsousa/ge/Barney,%201991.pdf [Accessed on: 8th February 2015]. Belch, E.G. and Belch, A.M. 2001. Advertising and Promotion, 5th edn. New York: McGraw Hill Irwin, Cravens, W. D. and Piercy, F.N. 2006. Strategic Marketing, International Edition, 8th edn. New York: McGraw-Hill Dwyer, F R., Schurr P. H., and Oh, S. 1987. Developing buyer-seller relationships. [Online]. Available at: https://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/1251126?uid=2uid=4sid=21104241779737 [Accessed on: 8th February 2015] Fill, C. 2005. Marketing Communications Engagement Strategies and Practice, 4th edn. England: Prentice Hall Lee, S.L. 2008. The Benefits of Integrated Marketing Communication in Multi-level Marketing A Case Study of Amway Taiwan Limited Company. [Online]. Available at: https://www.cadsm.org/dsrc-tn/EngWeb/research/symposium/symposium-2009/2009-8.htm [Accessed on: 8th February 2015] Pickton, D. and Broderick, A. 2005. Integrated Marketing Communications, 2nd edn. England: Prentice Hall David, A. A. 1997. Should you take your brand to where the action is? Harvard Business Review, 75(5), pp. 135-143 Advertising Age. 1999. Virtual ads, real problems. Advertising Age, 70(22), p. 1-30 Ailloni-Charas, D. 1984. "Promotion: A guide to effective promotional planning, strategies, and executions". New York: John Wiley Sons. Babin, L.A. and Thompson, C. S. 1996. Viewers recognition of brands placed within a film. International Journal of Advertising, 15(2), pp. 140-151 Balasubramanian, S.K. 1994. "Beyond advertising and publicity: Hybrid messages and public policy issues." Journal of Advertising, 23(4), p. 1-29 Michael, B. 2000. Nothing subliminal about it. Sports Illustrated, 93(14), p. 1-28